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Version: v2.x

Postgres: Filter Query Results / Search Queries

Introduction​

Hasura provides a powerful yet simple syntax to filter query results on Postgres. This is useful for building search queries or filtering data based on some criteria. You can utilize arguments and operators to filter results based on equality, comparison, pattern matching, etc.

The where argument​

You can use the where argument in your queries to filter results based on some field’s values (even nested objects' fields). You can even use multiple filters in the same where clause using the _and or the _or operators.

For example, to fetch data for an author whose name is "Sidney":

query {
  authors(where: { name: { _eq: "Sidney" } }) {
    id
    name
  }
}

You can also use nested objects' fields to filter rows from a table and also filter the nested objects as well.

For example, to fetch a list of authors who have articles with a rating greater than 4 along with those articles:

query {
  authors(where: { articles: { rating: { _gt: 4 } } }) {
    id
    name
    articles(where: { rating: { _gt: 4 } }) {
      id
      title
      rating
    }
  }
}

Here _eq and _gt are examples of comparison operators that can be used in the where argument to filter on equality.

You can see the complete specification of the where argument in the API reference.

Filter nested objects​

The where argument can be used in array relationships as well to filter the nested objects. Object relationships have only one nested object and hence they do not expose the where argument.

Example:

Fetch all authors with only their 5 rated articles:

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Supported operators​

OperatorUse case
Simple Comparison OperatorsUtilize comparison operators to selectively filter results by evaluating a field against a specific value.
Boolean OperatorsEmploy boolean operators to refine result filters based on logical expressions.
Text Search OperatorsApply text search operators to narrow down results according to the presence of text in a field.
JSONB OperatorsUtilize JSONB operators to fine-tune result filters using JSONB fields and navigating nested objects.
PostGIS OperatorsLeverage PostGIS operators to narrow results based on geographical location data.
ltree OperatorsUtilize ltree operators to filter results using hierarchical ltree data.
Nested ObjectsNavigate and filter results using nested object structures for advanced filtering.
Computed FieldsFilter results based on dynamically computed fields that derive from existing data.

Cast a field to a different type before filtering (_cast)​

The _cast operator can be used to cast a field to a different type, which allows type-specific operators to be used on fields that otherwise would not support them.

Currently, only the following type casts are supported:

  • between PostGIS geometry and geography types
  • from Postgres jsonb type to string type.

Casting using _cast corresponds directly to SQL type casts.

Example: cast jsonb to string

Columns of type jsonb can be cast to String to use text operators on a jsonb field:

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Example: cast geometry to geography

Filtering using _st_d_within over large distances can be inaccurate for location data stored in geometry columns. For accurate queries, cast the field to geography before comparing:

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Example: cast geography to geometry

Columns of type geography are more accurate, but they don’t support as many operations as geometry. Cast to geometry to use those operations in a filter:

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Note

For performant queries that filter on casted fields, create an expression index on the casted column. For example, if you frequently perform queries on a field location of type geometry casted to type geography, you should create an index like the following:

CREATE INDEX cities_location_geography ON cities USING GIST ((location::geography));

The TRUE expression ( { } )​

The expression {} evaluates to true if an object exists (even if it's null).

For example:

  • any query with the condition { where: {} } will return all objects without applying any filter.
  • any query with the condition { where: { nested_object: {} } } will return all objects for which atleast one nested_object exists.

Evaluation of null values in comparison expressions​

In versions v2.0.0 and above, if in any comparison expression a null value is passed, a type mismatch error will be thrown.

For example, the expression { where: {id: { _eq: null }}} will throw an error.

In versions v1.3.3 and below, if in any comparison expression a null value is passed, the expression gets reduced to {}, the TRUE expression.

For example, the expression { where: { id: {_eq: null }}} will be reduced to { where: {id: {}} } which will return all objects for which an id is set, i.e. all objects will be returned.

This behavior can be preserved in versions v2.0.0 and above by setting the HASURA_GRAPHQL_V1_BOOLEAN_NULL_COLLAPSE env var to true.

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